1963--Ivan Sutherland (1938- ) American computer programmer. He invented the sketchpad system in 1963 for developing military radar. It was the "graphical ancestor" of today's computer interface and graphics systems.
1964--Roy Ascott (European?) First to connect cybernetics and didactics to art. His essay, "The construction of change" is considered by many to be the first published discussion of new media art.
1965--Ted Nelson (1937- ) American sociologist, philosopher, and internet pioneer. He invented the term "hypertext" among others, and the concept that goes along with it.
1961, 1973, 1981--The Oulipo (Ouvrior de Litterature Potentielle--Workshop for Potential Literature). This was a group of French-speaking writers and mathematicians who sought "new structures and patterns which may be used by writers in any way they enjoy." The group was founded by Raymond Queneau and Francois le Lionnais in 1960. Members included Jean Lescure, Claude Berge, Paul Fournel, and Italo Calvino
Ivan Sutherland's sketchpad idea reminded me of both, Ken Perlin's pad program and a demonstration video for a touch-screen interface at tisch.
I don't think I really understand what Ascott's art is all about, but it made me think of early 90s video art made of walls of television screens. i don't know why.
Ted Nelson was cool because he wasn't trained in computer programming per-se, yet he made the internet as we know it possible.
I had never heard of the Oulipo before reading about this, and I certainly had no idea Italo Calvino's work was created with the help of computers. I have heard of such things as novels written without the letter e or the letter s, but it never occured to me that one would need a computer to accomplish such a thing.
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